The following web links contain information that adds to the historical and cultural background of Ballad of Sitting Bull. They have been chosen for their educational content only. Spirit Series does not endorse, recommend or support any product or service that may be advertised on these sites.
Battle of Little Bighorn
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/six/goodday.htm
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun25.html
http://montanakids.com/history_and_prehistory/battlefields/little_bighorn.htm
http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/battle-of-the-little-bighorn.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/battle-of-the-little-bighorn
Lakota History and Culture
http://www.indians.org/articles/lakota-indians.html
http://www.bigorrin.org/lakota_kids.htm
http://www.crystalinks.com/lakota1.html
http://www.angelfire.com/sc3/smmindex3/lakota.html
http://www.thewildwest.org/nativeamericans/nativeamericanreligion/100-lakotaindiansconceptofwakan
http://www.lightningmedicinecloud.com/legend.html
CHORUS 1 CHARACTER RESEARCH
The Buffalo God
See “Lakota History and Culture”
Drinks Water—ancestral Lakota medicine man
http://www.native-americans-online.com/native-american-medicine.html
Four Horns—Sitting Bull’s uncle/Lakota shirt-wearer
http://www.littlebighorn.info/Indians/FourHorns.htm
Good-Voiced Elk—war chief at Sitting Bull’s 1st coup
See: “Lakota History and Culture”
Her Holy Door—Sitting Bull’s mother
See: “Lakota History and Culture”
Little Crow—Lakota elder
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoyateduta
Returns Again—Sitting Bull’s father
See: “Lakota History and Culture”
http://www.manataka.org/page55.html
CHORUS 2 CHARACTER RESEARCH
Crow’s Foot—Sitting Bull’s son
See: “Sitting Bull” and “Lakota History and Culture”
Four Robes—Sitting Bull’s wife
See: “Sitting Bull” or “Lakota History and Culture”
Good Feather—Sitting Bull’s widowed sister
See: “Sitting Bull” or “Lakota History and Culture”
Has Many Horses—Sitting Bull’s child
See: “Sitting Bull” or “Lakota History and Culture”
Seen By The Nation—Sitting Bull’s wife/Four Robes’ sister
See: “Sitting Bull” or “Lakota History and Culture”
Snow On Her—Sitting Bull’s wife
See: “Sitting Bull” or “Lakota History and Culture”
Walks Along/Walks Looking—Sitting Bull’s child
See: “Sitting Bull” or “Lakota History and Culture”
CHORUS 3 CHARACTER RESEARCH
Big Road—Oglala war chief
See “Battle of Little Bighorn”
http://www.american-tribes.com/Lakota/BIO/BigRoad.htm
Black Elk—famed Oglala medicine man
http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/black-elk
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3734.html
Red Horse—Miniconjous war chief
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/six/bighorn.htm
http://www.franksrealm.com/Indians/tribes/Sioux_Lakota/Miniconjou/pages/miniconjou-redhorse.htm
Crazy Horse—greatest Oglala war chief
https://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/crazyhorse.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/crazy-horse-9261082
http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/crazy-horse
https://crazyhorsememorial.org/
Little Big Man—Oglala warrior
http://www.american-tribes.com/Lakota/BIO/LittleBigMan.htm
Low Dog—Oglala war chief
http://www.indigenouspeople.net/lowdog.htm
Spotted Tail—Brule war chief
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3843.html
http://www.sd4history.com/unit5/notabledaklesson3.htm
CHORUS 4 CHARACTER RESEARCH
General George Crook—peace commissioner
https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ah-georgecrook/
http://www.desertusa.com/mag99/may/papr/crook.html
Senator Henry Dawes—leading “Friend of the Indian”
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/dawes.htm
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Henry_Laurens_Dawes.aspx
Ulysses S. Grant—U.S. president/Civil War hero
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/342.html
http://www.mscomm.com/~ulysses/
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/ulyssessgrant/p/pgrant.htm
Edward Henry Harriman—railroad magnate
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/railroad-baron-edward-harriman-is-born
http://www.pbs.org/harriman/1899/1899_part/participantharriman.html
General Nelson “Bear Coat” Miles—prime Indian fighter
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/miles.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_A._Miles
General William T. Sherman
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sherman.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/william-t-sherman
CHORUS 5 CHARACTER RESEARCH
Crawler—Sitting Bull’s boyhood friend
http://www.american-tribes.com/Lakota/BIO/Crawler.htm
Standing Bear—respected Minicoujous warrior
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_Bear
Gall—great Hunkpapa warrior/war chief
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/d_h/gall.htm
http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2008/fall/gall.html
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224173/Gall
Iron Hawk —respected Hunkpapa warrior
See “Battle of Little Bighorn” or “Lakota History and Culture”
Jumping Bull—Sitting Bull’s adopted brother
See “Battle of Little Bighorn” or “Lakota History and Culture”
One Bull—Sitting Bull’s nephew
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Bull
White Bull—Sitting Bull’s nephew/killed Custer
http://www.nps.gov/libi/historyculture/white-bull.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Bull
http://www.firstpeople.us/native-american/photographs/richard-white-bull-oglala-1899.html
CHORUS 6 CHARACTER RESEARCH
Bloody Knife—Custer’s favorite Indian Scout
http://www.american-tribes.com/Arikara/bio/BloodyKnife.htm
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/six/66_06.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Knife
Mitch Bouyer—French Canadian/Indian interpreter
http://www.friendslittlebighorn.com/Mitch%20Bouyer.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitch_Bouyer
Boston Custer—Colonel Custer’s youngest brother
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Custer
http://billingsgazette.com/news/local/custer-s-brothers-and-nephew-rode-with-him-to-their…
Colonel George Armstrong Custer
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/custer.htm
http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/lt-col-george-armstrong-custer.htm
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/1800sarmybiographies/p/custer.htm
http://www.history.com/topics/george-armstrong-custer
Captain Thomas Custer—Colonel Custer’s brother
http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/%7epardos/TomCusterArticle.html
Isaiah Dorman—African American/Indian interpreter
http://www.blackpast.org/aaw/dorman-isaiah-1840-1876
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Dorman
CHORUS 7 CHARACTER RESEARCH
Captain Frederick Benteen—commander of Companies D, H, K
http://www.historynet.com/frederick-w-benteen.htm
http://www.cleavelin.net/benteen.html
Curly—Custer’s Crow scout
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curly_(scout)
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/curley-is-buried-at-little-big-horn
Libby Custer—Custer’s wife
http://www.franksrealm.com/Indians/MISC_WHITES/pages/misccharacter-libbycuster.htm
http://www.mandanhistory.org/biographiesak/elizabethcuster.html
Young Hawk—Custer’s Arikara scout
See “The Battle of Little Big Horn”
Major Marcus Reno—commander of Companies A,G,M
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/reno.htm
White Man Runs Him—Custer’s Crow scout
http://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/white_man_runs_him_little_big_horn.html
Sergeant Charles Windolph—under Reno’s command
http://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/chas_windolph_little_big_horn.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Windolph
http://pie.midco.net/treasuredude/CharlesWindolph.html
CHORUS 8 CHARACTER RESEARCH
Bull Head—reservation policeman/killed Sitting Bull
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/sbarrest.htm
Buffalo Bill Cody—great showman/friend of Sitting Bull
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/buffalobill.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/buffalo-bill-cody-9252268#buffalo-bill-the-hero
Major James McLaughlin—agent at Standing Rock
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/sbarrest.htm
Red Cloud—Oglala reservation chief
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/redcloud.htm
https://www.biography.com/people/red-cloud-9453402
Queen Victoria of England
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/victoriaqueen/p/queen_victoria.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/queen-victoria-9518355
Major James Walsh—R.C.M.P./friend of Sitting Bull
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Morrow_Walsh
http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Leeds19.html
http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/james-morrow-walsh/
Sitting Bull
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sittingbull.htm
http://www.indigenouspeople.net/sittbull.htm
http://members.tripod.com/%7eRFester/lakota.html
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/sbarrest.htm
http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/sitting-bull.htm